How Did the Bicycle Evolve?

The quest for a man power , stable , fast and push efficient fomite has taken us a prospicient style . have ’s see how it all jump .

1790s – The beginning

The first reference to a two - wheeled vehicle driven by one rider was a toy - like unsubdivided machine , with just two wheels attached to a rigid wooden frame . The rider would ride on the frame and drag using his foot , moving forward .

While it is not precisely known who invented this , Médé de Sivrac , a French Craftsman , is often credited to have first come up with this design .

There were a couple of strong issues with this tool . It lacked stability , as the moment the passenger lifted both of his legs , it started light over . Along with this , there was difficulty in turning . The passenger had to lift the front wheel and hale it to turn , many times this required , step out , reverse and then using it .

deficiency of power to quickly steer resulted in trouble in traversing even moderately rough terrain .

1820s – Velocifere

Before leap into this innovation , it is worthwhile to know of an important event — the volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia 1815 . This caused a widespread harvest nonstarter run to famishment and last of buck in huge numbers .

A German civil servant , Baron Karl von Drais , was bet for alternatives to horses for a while . He then come up with modifications to the toy machine and invented what famously became eff as the hobby horse or Draisene or Velocifere . He was capable to time speed as eminent as 15 kmph .

The crucial modification here was the increase of uncomplicated articulation to make the front wheel steerable . As the f number had increased , a back was also added for the rider puff .

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Still the drive was quite bumpy . Also , we still had feet on the ground .

1830s – The first true bicycle

The quotation for forge the first true bicycle — one which could be ridden with both feet off the earth — is pay to a Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrik Macmillan .

Macmillan attached two lever on either side of the skeletal system near the position of leg . While one remnant was on the frame , the other goal carried a short lever ( known as a treadle ) which in turn carry pedals . The rider would merely hover pedal point and the thoroughgoing chemical mechanism would rotate the rock ‘n’ roll musician fixed on the rear bike . This was give the name Velocipede .

To understand the mechanism used see the figure below :

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The link 4 ( called cradle ) oscillates while the link 2 ( called crank ) rotates a complete 360 degree .

Check the trike icon carefully . You will notice the front of modest black colouring material art object in the center , near the skeleton . These have threads tie and go up to the hand bars . As the speed was increasing , this was the first model to have brake — since dragging by feet was not a skillful affair to do .

Commercial Failure of Macmillan’s Velocepede

Although Macmillan ’s Velocepede was the first true bicycle , which activate the exploiter to traverse without putting his feet on the ground , it failed on commercial-grade grounds . Not a undivided ware was sell . Probably because oscillating the foot was much more troublesome than rotating it as in the design that came later .

1870s – Michaux’s Velocipede

For the next four decades , there was n’t much strong developing and excogitation in the intent . A French blacksmith , Pierre Michaux , is accredit with coming up with a newfangled design which had foot lever for the first time instead of treadles . The pedal - crank system was attached to the front wheel .

Michaux ’s Velocipede was standardised to the present twenty-four hours bring of children ’s tricycle . There was one more piece of institution that needed to materialise :

Despite the use of suspension , the iron - rim wooden wheel offer enough shocks to the user that Michaux ’s Velocipede was nicknamed the “ Bone Shaker ” .

Photo: Jae C. Hong

Some theory before we jump on the next design

The target was to increase the focal ratio of the bicycle .

Speed is simply given by distance journey divided by time .

length travelled will depend on issue of revolution the front roulette wheel makes .

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In one revolution , the distance travelled will be equal to the circumference of the wheel , which in turn depends on the diameter of the wheel bicycle .

So the distance travel can be increase in two ways — either increase the number of rotation per unit of measurement time or increase the diam of the wheel . ( It was hard to do both as the weight of the wheel would increase too much . ) Keep this slice of information in mind .

While driving bicycle we do n’t just necessitate longer distance , but also torque — rotating force , which will give us the necessary traction to propel onward .

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Let’s do one experiment

Put your bicycle on the sales booth and try rotating the treadle using hands . Steadily keep on increasing the speed . You will see that after a threshold RPM ( Revolutions per min ) , the force which you are applying starts fall . This happens because after a certain RPM our hands ( or peg ) are not able to deliver the same force at high speed .

There occur an optimum RPM at which the military force applied is maximal . For human leg , this come around to be around 50 RPM .

Great ! Now , at that sentence it was not justified to rotate ( or foot lever ) the front wheel at that high rev since it result in very enceinte shocks and made the ride extremely uncomfortable .

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So we had only one choice to increase the speeding – increase the diam !

The increase circumference of the wheel make longer distance in one gyration . This led to the increment in upper , but some problems also came up .

1870s to 1900s was the era of these high bicyclist . It was a commercial-grade success . The gamy wheeler give a normal speed of up to 20 miles per hour , which was way ahead of the premature design . The problems that come up with the gamey speed were due to its size . The center of solemnity was very high and closer to the front wheel . Powering as well as turning the front wheel conduce to lessen in stability . Even a small pebble or sudden brake could make the rider fly off

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Moving towards Modern Design

An Englishman name Henry J. Lawson removed a lot of job and came up with a new design named the Bicyclette , which before long got famously call as “ Safety Bike ” .

As you could see from the picture , the size of it of front wheel came down and instead of the direct power transmission , chain and sprockets were used . The proportion of cog sizes enable higher possible RPM .

shortly a series of additional small but important changes come up . Both wheel became equal in size , pneumatic tires , bells , tangential rundle instead of radial spokes and other features emerged , making the bicycle more stable and inviolable .