Queen Emma of Normandy navigated both political instability and Viking usurpers on her way to becoming the richest and most powerful woman in England.
Wikimedia CommonsThe Ordeal of Queen Emma(1779 ) by William Blake .
It has been said that behind every great man is a great woman , and Emma of Normandy was no elision . And at times , she was well onwards of them . hook up with to two queen of England , her political maneuverings helped guide the land through the Viking age and ensured that her Word would keep the crown .
Emma of Normandy first became a tabby when she was just a teenager . Descended from Norman Vikings , her beginner was Richard I , Duke of Normandy , and she was marry off to King Aethelred II of England in 1002 .
Wikimedia CommonsThe Ordeal of Queen Emma(1779) by William Blake.
At the clock time , England was under invariant threat of intrusion by Viking forces from France that terrorized the people . The lack of a unhesitating answer saw the male monarch called “ Aethelred the Unready . And he hoped his political union with the House of Normandy would alleviate those latent hostility .
But by the sentence she was scarcely 30 , Aethelred was dead , and Emma needed to secure her position . So she married the man who stole his poll , the Danish king Cnut the Great . And from there , her influence only grow . At a time when women were deemed bare nurturers , her achievements in politics , religious order , and Norman - English sexual relation broke the mold and persist historical .
Queen Emma Of Normandy’s First Marriage To Aethelred II
Born around 984 C.E. , Emma of Normandy would infix the earth of politics at a unseasoned years . She wasraisedin northern France , where Viking influence had grown drastically and where many of the raids on England by these relentless Norsemen were base . Ultimately , many from both sides seek compromise .
Photo12 / UIG / Getty ImagesQueen Emma and her sons as illustrated in theEncomium Emmae Reginaefrom the mid-11th century .
Her father , Richard I , Duke of Normandy , was desperate to meliorate his standing with the English since the House of Normandy lack the necessary political tie to bolster its influence . ForKing Aethelred the Unready , also known as Aethelred II , a union between the regions could merge them against a uncouth Viking threat — and meliorate his own reputation .
Photo12/UIG/Getty ImagesQueen Emma and her sons as illustrated in theEncomium Emmae Reginaefrom the mid-11th century.
Arranged in 1002 , the political catch picture Emma of Normandy cross the English Channel and marry a adult male some 20 years her senior . King Aethelred II had been marry once before , but his first wife had died immature after providing him with 10 children . This would later only complicate the chain of succession .
Eager to kick out all Danes , King Aethelred II orchestrated the St. Brice ’s Day Massacre on the outskirts of northern England . Esteemed figures like Gunhilde , baby of Denmark ’s King Sweyn I , were killed . While Emma concenter on producing young , the upshot of that upshot would adopt her .
Queen Emmagavebirth to Edward the Confessor around 1003 , with a second son named Alfred Aetheling and a girl named Godgifu to follow . Aethelred gave her vast land and property in Winchester , Devonshire , Oxfordshire , Exeter , Suffolk , and Rutland — but growing tensions now overshadowed her gilded new life .
Wikimedia CommonsAethelred the Unready as illustrated inThe Chronicle of Abindon(1220).
Wikimedia CommonsAethelred the Unready as illustrated inThe Chronicle of Abindon(1220 ) .
King Sweyn ’s Viking invasions in the first decade of the eleventh century would last three years and see Emma flee to Normandy by 1013 . King Aethelred , himself , was forced to fly the coop to the Isle of Wight — while King Sweyn successfully take England over . Though Sweyn would conk in 1014 , Queen Emma ’s return key was anything but passive .
Emma Of Normandy’s Shrewd Political Maneuvers At Court
King Aethelred ’s demise in 1016 put Emma ’s future in jeopardy . While the exercise of primogeniture was not yet implemented formally , Aethelred ’s issue from his first union nonetheless took precedence over Emma ’s . His eldest boy , Edmund Ironside , had already begun maneuvering for control .
Ironside had agree with the Word of Sweyn , Cnut the Great , to separate England in half and reign jointly . But Ironside become flat in 1016 , and their agreement led Cnut to wrestle entire control of the country — and marry the widowed Queen Emma to retain some semblance of stability .
Culture Club / Getty ImagesEmma of Normandy and Cnut the Great .
Culture Club/Getty ImagesEmma of Normandy and Cnut the Great.
She allegedly splice him on the condition that Cnut save her sons with Aethelred , who he likely would have murdered to prevent their claim on the crown . In retort , she swore that her nestling with Cnut would have precedence in the line of succession . A yr later , she gave birth to a son , Harthacnut .
While their union appeared reciprocally agreeable , not everyone was satisfied with the wedlock — least of all , the Church of England . During previous raids , Cnut had destroyed so many of their holding that the church march on outright enmity . Growing into an telling politician , Queen Emma rapidly found answer .
desire to smooth things over , Emma of Normandyhad the church building reconstructedand gifted its leaders a vast amount of land and invaluable giving . She give the Bishop of Winchester a golden cross and made one of her consultant the Archbishop of Canterbury . Most notably , she had her husband finance these attempt .
Wikimedia CommonsA mortuary chest at Winchester Castle purportedly holding the bones of Queen Emma and Cnut the Great.
While many in court ab initio doubted her talents , Queen Emma progressively proved herself . She was often give to rule England by herself as Cnut was frequently off to manage his Modern imperium . In 1035 , however , her diplomatical talents took a backseat — as Cnut die and many vyed for the English throne yet again .
Since Cnut ’s Logos from his first marriage Harold Harefoot was the only one in England at the time of his expiry , Harefoot was top regent . Cnut ’s son by Emma , Harthacnut , was crown King of Denmark — but start challenging Harefoot ’s claim in 1036 . This would lead to arrests , death , and instability .
The Legacy Of England’s Richest Woman
Wikimedia CommonsA mortuary chest at Winchester Castle purportedly holding the bones of Queen Emma and Cnut the Great .
After call up his masses in 1040 , Harthacnut launched an invasion that co-occur with Harefoot ’s death . Emma had spend her time in Flanders swaying the English nobility to his side and even commission a book , Encomium Emmae Reginaewhose sole purpose was to praise her and her acquirement while solidify Harthacnut ’s right to reign .
And it worked . Harthacnut became King of England that same year , and Emma became Queen Mother for the first clock time . And with Harthacnut ’s thanksgiving , she receive Edward , his half - chum , back to England and add all of Essex to him .
Then , when Harthacnut choke in 1042 , she contrived to make Edward the King of England . He became known as Edward the Confessor , and thus , for two kings in a rowing by two different kings , Emma keep up her position as Queen Mother .
But the taking over of Edward the Confessor jeopardise her standing whole . Displeased with his female parent for previously stomach Harthacnut ’s title on the throne over his , Edward stripped her of her role in the Treasury obligations and forced her out of the castle . He even conjoin Edith Godwinson , who was the girl of Godwin — the Earl of Wessex who had killed her Arthur Aetheling .
One legend hold that she may also have recede favour with Edward after the Archbishop of Canterbury accuse her of having an affair with the Bishop of Winchester . To prove her sinlessness , she was made to undergo trial by flack and walk across nine violent - hot plowshares — an incident known as the Ordeal of Queen Emma . And when she emerged whole , Edward was tell to break down crying at her innocence and readmitted her to motor inn .
In the end , however , Emma of Normandy live the rest of her living in obscurity , spending most of it in Winchester . Dying on March 6 , 1052 , she had been the Viking queen of England , Denmark , and Norway , queen consort to two English kings , and the female parent of another two .
Ultimately , their unstable house of cards would crumble rather rapidly , but her House of Normandy would rejoice . Edward was succeeded by Edith ’s brother Harold Godwinson in 1066 . But by the end of the year , he would be idle , too , killed by William the Conqueror during the Norman invasion of England .
William the Conqueror was Emma of Normandy ’s great - nephew .
After take about Emma Of Normandy , read aboutthe tragic life of Mary , Queen of Scots . Then , teach aboutthe history of the medieval toilet .
